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H. S. S. Lawrence
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H.S.S. Lawrence

Dr. H.S.S. Lawrence
Born 28 July 1923
Nagercoil

Died 21 April 2009
Chennai

Residence Anna Nagar, Chennai

Nationality Indian
Education M.A.(History and Economics), M.A. (Education), Ed.D

Occupation Educationalist
Known for Implementing Higher Secondary Education in Tamilnadu

Spouse Maisie Doreen Padma Lawrence
Children Two
Harris Sam Sahayam Lawrence (28 July 1923 – 21 April 2009[1]) is an Indian educationalist born in Nagercoil, Tamilnadu.
He is the eldest of five children born to his parents, Sam and Arulammal Harris. He hails from Santhapuram, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu. His father named him Lawrence after John Lawrence and Henry Lawrence, two brothers one of whom was the Governor General.
As Special Officer for restructuring Educational Pattern in Tamilnadu and as Director of School Education, Lawrence planned and implemented the All India 10+2+3 pattern of education in 1978. During 1993–1994, Lawrence was Chairman of a High Level Committee on Vocational Education, constituted by the Government of Tamilnadu, and solved the long standing problem of salaries for the vocational teachers by raising it and installed a strong management structure for Vocational Education in Tamilnadu. He was conferred the title of "Father of Vocational Education in Tamilnadu". [2]
Lawrence wrote his autobiography called The Hand of God My Life and Times published by OM Books, Secunderabad, India on July 28, 2004.
He is married to Maisie Lawrence whom he met in 1951. He has two daughters: Chennai-based Usha Rajendran and Bahrain-based Ashalatha Sidney Ponniah. Lawrence lives in Anna Nagar, Chennai, Tamilnadu with his wife. He has five grandchildren and two great grandchildren.
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Education
• 1944 Travancore University - M.A. (History and Economics) First Class
• 1950 Columbia University, New York - M.A. (Education)
• 1950 Columbia University, New York - Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)


Release of Autobiography held on 28 July 2004. (Standing from left) Dr. H.S.S. Lawrence, Former Vice-Chancellor of Madurai-Kamaraj & Annamalai Universities - Shri S.V. Chitti Babu, CSI Bishop in Madras - Rt. Rev. Dr. V. Devasahayam, United States Consul General for South India - Dr. Richard D. Haynes, Editor-in-chief of 'The Hindu - Shri Narasimhan Ram.
Lawrence’s childhood days were happy and he was brought up in the high values of Christianity. His father, Mr. Sam Harris was a good teacher who motivated him in learning. His father followed Thirukural which says that the good that a man can do for his son is to give him a learning that will place him in the front rank in the assembly of the learned. His mother, Mrs. Arulammal Harris was specially loving and offered guidance and instilled the values of humbleness and dignity in her children. When Lawrence was nine years old, his mother died unexpectedly. He had his early schooling from standards I to IV in the Home Church Elementary School, Nagercoil. He undertook his high school education in the Scott Christian English High School, Nagercoil from 1933 to 1939. He participated in the Peter Cator Examination held all over Madras Presidency by the Church Missionary Society and secured the fourth prize at the Lower Grade Examination in the second class for proficiency in Scripture Knowledge. He was a happy recipient of Rs. 35 from the Headmaster at the Morning Assembly in the school.
Lawrence was a student of the Intermediate classes of the Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, during the two years 1939-1941. His subjects were English, Tamil, Ancient History, Modern History and Logic. He went to college at the College of Fine Arts Trivandrum and obtained a Bachelor’s Degree with Honours (B.A. Honours) in History and Economics. He was admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) of the University of Travancore on 13 November 1948 and to the Degree of Master of Arts on 10 February 1949.
] War service
In search of employment, Lawrence went to Chennai. He functioned as Secretary of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Marina Canteen and Swimming Pool from September 1944 to September 1947. His duties was the sole responsibility for the whole administration of the canteen, bakery and swimming pool for the welfare of servicemen as well as the supervision of the work of all staff including the accountant, cashier, clerks, cooks, bearers, dishwashers, and sweepers.
Teachers College, Columbia University, New York
Lawrence was selected for the Overseas Scholarship Scheme sponsored by the Government of India. He applied to Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. The response was quick from Columbia University. He was admitted to the Teacher Education Course beginning from September 1948.
He joined Teachers College in September 1948, when General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the President of Columbia University and Dr. William F. Russel was the President of Teachers College. He was selected to specialize in teacher education and hence joined the division II- Educational Administration – Teachers Colleges, Normal Schools and Schools of Education. He joined the college for the winter session in September 1948 and continued throughout the summer without a break till September 1950. He collected enough high credits to complete MA and Ed.D. (Doctor of Education) degrees.
He visited the following institutions:
• Public school 166, Manhattan
• The Central High School of Needle Trades
• Elementary and High Schools, Scarsdale
• Science School at Bronx
• New Jersey State Teachers College at Montclair
• High School at Wappingers Falls, New York
He undertook educational tours of the institutions in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington D.C, Williamsburg, Durham, North Carolina, Knoxville, Tennessee, Alabama, New Orleans, Nashville, Lexington, Kentucky, Ohio, Ottawa, Canada, Toronto, Canada. The MA Degree was granted on 20 December 1950 and the Ed.D Degree Doctor of Education on 11 December 1950.
Professional experience
Collegiate
• Lecturer, Government Training College, Calicut 1951-53
Introduced practicals for B.Ed. students in education subjects. Lectured on Educational Psychology and Educational Sociology.
• Lecturer, Government Training College, Vellore 1955-56
• Principal, Government Training College,Vellore 1960-63
A Tamil Pandits Training Course was introduced in the College in 1961. The Pandits had general education in Tamil Literature but no knowledge of pedagogy of teaching and learning. Planned and implemented a sound program of student teaching for students in several high schools of Vellore. Dr Rajendra Prasad, President of India, accompanied by Shri K Kamaraj, Chief Minister of Tamilnadu visited Vellore for inaugurating a school improvement conference. On the way, the car stopped in front of the College and as Principal, Lawrence had the rare privilege of garlanding him. Mrs Lourdammal Simon, Minister for Local Administration, Dr Brand, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Dr Roy Ebenezer, Ophthalmologist, Swamy Kripananda Varier, Swamy Chinmayananda graced the functions of the college.


Receiving Governor of Tamilnadu, Shri Mohan Lal Sukhadia at his eldest daughter's wedding
• Director State Institute of Education 1965-69
The State Institute of Education, was founded by Dr. Lawrence in 1965 as the “academic wing” of the Education Department for research, innovations, in-service training, extension work, and publications. A quarterly journal in English and monthly in Tamil were also newly introduced. The State Institute of Education later developed into the State Council of Education, Research and Training (SCERT) and now, as the Directorate of Teacher Education, Research and Training (DTERT) with all the teacher training institutes under it. As Founder-Director, Lawrence had laid the proper foundations.
Administrative
• District Educational Officer, Madurai 1953-54
• District Educational Officer, South Malabar 1954-55
• District Educational Officer, Nilgiris 1956-60
• Divisional Inspector of Schools Madras Division 1963-65
In charge of the whole gamut of primary and secondary education as well as teacher training in 3 districts. Supervised the work of the District Educational Officers and Deputy Inspectors of Schools. Undertook tremendous improvements of infrastructure in schools and oversaw the enrolment of students, the increase in the number of Mid-day Meal centres, organizing school improvement conferences and progress of literacy programs. Lawrence had the rare privilege of welcoming and accompanying Valentina Tereshkova of U.S.S.R., a Soviet cosmonaut, the first woman to travel into space at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Chennai.


Teacher's Award Meeting held on 22 October 1977. (Sitting from left) Dr. H.S.S. Lawrence, Chief Minister of Tamilnadu- Shri M. G. Ramachandran, Governor of Tamilnadu- Shri Prabhudas Patwari, Minister for School Education - Shri C. Aranganayagam.
Head of School Education
• 'Special Officer for Restructuring Educational Pattern in the State of Tamilnadu 1976
• 'Director of School Education', Tamilnadu 1976-78
As Special Officer for restructuring Educational Pattern in Tamilnadu and as Director of School Education, Dr. Lawrence planned and implemented the All India 10+2+3 pattern of education in 1978. As "Founder Chairman of the Board of Higher Secondary Education", [3] he established Higher Secondary Education on sound foundations that even rural students could undertake 12 years of education without difficulty. This is unique in India and the last 30 years have shown it as a highly successful pattern of education. Hence Dr. Lawrence is regarded to be the “Architect of Higher Secondary Education in Tamilnadu”[4]. Dr. Lawrence as Director of School Education brought the few Matriculation schools affiliated to Madras and Madurai Universities under a separate Board of Matriculation Schools with him as Chairman. Today the number of Matriculation Schools has grown to over 2200. Lawrence is regarded to be the Founder Chairman Board of Matriculation Schools.
UNESCO service Afghanistan
• UNESCO Expert on Teacher Education to Government of Afghanistan, Kabul. 1969-1975
Government of Afghanistan and the Director General of UNESCO approved of Dr.Lawrence’s candidature for appointment as Expert in Primary Teacher Training at the Academy for Teacher Educators, Charikar, Afghanistan under the UNESCO - UNICEF Joint-Project from 28 May 1969. Lawrence was given a briefing on UN and its Agencies, Economic Development, aims and functions of UNESCO and about Afghanistan at Paris the headquarters of UNESCO. In Afghanistan, he visited Higher Teachers College and Kabul Training College and elementary schools. Firm relationships were established with Asia Foundation, USIS, Indian Embassy and UN Organisations to cooperate jointly in the UNESCO Education Teacher Training Project. A Teacher Training College was set up in Charikar. Contributed to the upgradation of the curriculum of teacher training, organisation of student teaching, conducting post graduate courses, selection of teacher candidates through examinations and teacher educators for post graduate fellowships abroad and introduction of Educational television at the Academy. UNESCO and Government of Afghanistan extended his service every year from 1969 to 1975.


Dr.H.S.S. Lawrence as Chairman UNESCO Staff Association, Afghanistan (Standing first from right)
An Educational Exhibition was organised by Lawrence from 24 August to 5 September 1974 at Kabul Training College. The exhibition had teaching aids, audio-visual equipment and modern materials on one subject as prepared by staff and students. The subjects were Mathematics, Science, Educational Psychology, Languages, Arts and Crafts, History, Geography, United Nations and Physical Education. Dr Siddique, First Deputy Minister of Education, Mr R A Borthwick - UNDP Resident Representative, Mr J McIntosh - Chief Technical Adviser, Mr Kushkakai - Principal of the Academy, and others visited the exhibition and appreciated his efforts. He visited Training Colleges at Charikar, Kunduz, Mazari Sharif, Jalalabad, Gardez, Kandahar, Herat and implemented new policies.
He functioned as Chief Technical Adviser of the UNESCO Training Programme from August to December 1969 and also acted as UNESCO Programme Co-ordinator and Senior Adviser in July 1974 [5].
Banking service
• President, Regional Recruitment Board for State Bank of India Madras Circle, Chennai 1980-86
State Bank Group, Madras Circle included Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Kerala and the Union Territory of Pondicherry. Lawrence attended the office of the Regional Recruitment Board, conducted Board Meetings, organized written examinations, conducted interviews, published results and alloted candidates to Banks.
• Chairman, Banking Service Recruitment Board (Eastern Group), Calcutta, West Bengal, Sikkim, Andaman, and Nicobar Islands 1986-88
On 20 February 1986, Ministry of Finance (India), New Delhi appointed Lawrence as Chairman, Banking Service Recruitment Board, Calcutta. The Banking Service Recruitment Board (Eastern Group) is responsible for recruitment of staff for banks in West Bengal, Sikkim and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Examinations, pre-recruitment training, orientation of officers for conduct of examinations, interviews, and final selection were accomplished for twenty-eight public sector banks as well as regional rural banks under Lawrence's Chairmanship. Interviews for selection of candidates for banks were held in Calcutta, Berhampur, Burdwan, Malda, Krishnagar, Midnapur, Siliguri, Gangtok (Sikkim), and Port Blair (Andamans). He lectured in staff colleges of UCO Bank and Allahabad Bank on the conduct of interviews.


Dr.H.S.S. Lawrence, Chairman of BSRB(Eastern Group)
• Member, Governing Board (1986–1988), Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) Bombay
Lawrence was elected member of Governing Board of IBPS, Bombay. He attended meetings of the Governing Board at the office of the Governor Reserve Bank of India, Mr R. N. Malhotra who was also Chairman of IBPS.
Vocational education
• Chairman, High Level Committee on Vocational Education, Tamilnadu
In 1978, Dr. Lawrence introduced Vocational Education at the +2 stage along with a syllabus for 52 Vocational subjects. Vocational Student enrollment in TamilNadu in 1978 was 24,400 which was 21%, the highest in the country and 1/3 of the total vocational strength in India. The Ministry of Education, Government of India in its publication – “Challenge of Education” stated that “TamilNadu has been a pacesetter in the case of Vocational Education”. During 1993–1994, Dr. Lawrence as Chairman of a High Level Committee on Vocational Education, constituted by the Government of TamilNadu, produced a report of 435 pages along with a new syllabus for 104 vocational courses in the areas of Engineering & technology, Commerce & Business, Agriculture, Home Science and Health.


Dr.H.S.S. Lawrence receiving the citation Father of Vocational Education in TamilNadu
Today the number of Vocational Students has grown to over 1 lakh and over 3000 part-time vocational teachers have become full time with proper scales of pay. For his contribution to the progress of vocational education in TamilNadu the vocational teachers of TamilNadu gathered in Periyar Thidal on 28 January 1995 and awarded him the title of “Father of Vocational Education in TamilNadu” [2].
Special contributions
Panel inspection
An innovative scheme of annual panel inspection of Higher Secondary Schools by College Professors, inspecting officers and Heads of Schools was introduced in 1977-78.
School complexes
School Complexes were organised in over 2072 schools to break down the isolation of schools and to make them function as cooperative groups. A school complex voluntarily links a group of 10-20 primary schools and 3-4 middle schools around a high school as a viable unit for school improvement. The Ministry of Education, Government of India has appreciated the initiative of Tamilnadu.
Voluntary supply of radios to schools
Due to a drive given by Dr. Lawrence from 1976, as many as 31,800 schools were supplied with radio sets by the public to listen to School broadcasts. All India Radio appreciated this effort as unique in the whole of India.
Survey of unrecognized schools
As Chairman of a Committee on Unrecognised Schools, Dr. Lawrence made a survey and submitted his report and recommendations to Government of TamilNadu in 1977.
Introduction of book banks
Schools were requested to start Book Banks on a voluntary basis for the benefit of disadvantaged children. In 1978, over 35,000 schools introduced the scheme to benefit over 12 lakhs of children.
Medals for toppers in Public Examinations
For the first time in 1977, Gold and Silver medals and certificates of merits were distributed to students who obtained the first few ranks in Public Examinations.
Good Conduct Prizes
From the academic year 1976-77, Dr. Lawrence requested schools to introduce a scheme of awarding prizes for good conduct to pupils during annual school days. Character, virtues, good manners, good conduct, punctuality, cooperation, devotion to studies, team spirit, regularity and obedience are important aspects in education.
Scholarship to children of teachers
From 1977-78, scholarships were given for the first time to children of teachers who joined professional courses.
Village Adoption Scheme
This was launched in schools on Republic Day 1977 to introduce an integrated approach to rural development with the cooperation of school students. Its main objective was to create and sustain contact among students and villagers for constructive purposes. The adopted villages would gain a new atmosphere while making education meaningful and realistic to students.
Operation Clean Up
Dr. Lawrence requested schools to launch “Operation clean-up” November 1976. The scheme took the practical form of cleaning doors and windows, removing dirt, dust and cobwebs, whitewashing, painting, and simple repairs. The science laboratory, library, storerooms, playground and classrooms were to be cleaned and made presentable. This was work experience, self-help, social training and practical work for students.
150 years of the Education Department (1826-1977)
Lawrence, as Director of School Education had the unique privilege of organizing the celebration of 150 years of the Education Department in TamilNadu on 24 December 1977.
First Prize for School Education Department Float
Dr. Lawrence personally supervised the production of a Float at the Republic Day March Past in 1977. The float had a big painting of Bharati and school students danced and sang popular songs of Bharati. The Committee of judges selected this float as the best among all the floats.
Professional memberships held
• Founder Chairman, Board of Higher Secondary Education, Tamilnadu
• Founder Chairman of Matriculation Board, Tamilnadu
• Member, Senate and Academic Council of the Universities of Madras, Madurai and Annamalai
• Phi Delta Kappa, a professional fraternity in Education, USA
• Member, Board of Examiners for B.Ed, M.Ed and Ph.D degrees of Madras, Kerala, Annamalai, Venkateswara and Baroda Universities
• Member, Assessment Team of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi for assessing extension services in Teacher Colleges
• Member, Advisory Committee for Educational Survey and Data Processing, National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi
• Member, Advisory Committee of Primary Education Journal, National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi
• Member, Advisory Committee on Elementary and Secondary Education of National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi
• Member, Advisory Committee for School Curriculum, National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi
• Chairman, Board of Teacher Education, Tamilnadu
• Chairman, Committee on Unrecognized Schools Tamilnadu
• Member, Board of Studies in Education, Madras University
• Member, Board of Anglo Indian Education, Tamilnadu
• Member, Board of Technical Education, Tamilnadu
• Text-Book Review Committee, Chennai
• Member, Board of Governors of Regional Institute of English, Bangalore
• Member, Board of Governors of Technical Teachers Training Institute, Chennai
• Consultant, National Workshop on Curriculum for Development, Kabul
• Member, Advisory Panel, Central Board of Film Certification, Mumbai
Voluntary service
Chairman
• Board of Directors, Madras Christian College, Tambaram TamilNadu
• UNESCO Staff Association, Afghanistan
• Compassion International Trust TamilNadu
• Vellore Christian Rural Institute
• Junior Red Cross, TamilNadu
President, Leprosy Mission, Madras Chapter
Vice - President
• Founder Fellow, TamilNadu Academy of Sciences
• Bharat Scouts and Guides, TamilNadu
Director, Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), Chennai
Patron, Home Missionary Society, Chennai
Educational Consultant, AMM Foundation Schools
Member
• Planning Board, Alagappa University
• Meston Education and Development Association (MEDA), Madras
• Board of Governors, St. James' School (India), Calcutta
• UN Staff Association, Executive Board, Afghanistan
Secretary, St. George's Cathedral Chennai
Publications
Lawrence has published over 100 professional papers; his books include:
• In-Service Teacher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India
• Hand Book of implementation of Higher Secondary Education in Tamilnadu
• 150 years of Education in Tamilnadu
• A survey of Unrecognised Schools in Tamilnadu
• Kalvi Iyal (Tamil)
• Education – Concept and Practice
• Towards Better Vocational Education in Tamilnadu – High Level Committee Report
• Vocational Education in Higher Secondary Schools (Tamil)
• CSI St. George's Cathedral Chennai - Booklet


Wedding in 1951
Awards
• Distinguished Service Award Southern Literates Association. 1983
• Father of Vocational Education in Tamilnadu - 28 January 1995
• For the Sake of Honour Award Rotary Club of Madras Mid Town - 19 April 1996
• Outstanding Personality - 1998 Award, Certificate of Merit and Gold Medal from Management Studies Promotion Institute (MSPI), New Delhi 30 October 1998
• Thiruvalluvar Day Prize (Government of Tamilnadu prize)for the book Kalvi Iyal – 1988 (First Prize)
• Thiruvalluvar Day Prize (Government of Tamilnadu prize) for the book Vocational Education in Higher Secondary Schools (Tamil) – 2000
• Award of Honour from Kanyakumari Diocese Church of South India, 29 September 2002

David Davidar
David Davidar, born in 1958, is an author and former publisher. He was previously CEO of Penguin International, a division of Penguin Books based in Toronto which comprises Penguin Canada, Penguin India, Penguin South Africa and Penguin Arabia. Davidar resigned from Penguin as he was the subject of a major controversy over his alleged sexual harassment of a former employee named Lisa Rundle. Davidar countered the allegation by claiming the relationship was 'Consensual Flirtation' not 'Sexual Harassment' or 'Assault'.The matter was settled out of court with all allegations addressed and settled to the satisfaction of all parties concerned.
Davidar was educated at Madras (now Chennai) and Harvard University (where he obtained a diploma in publishing). He began his career as a magazine editor in Bombay working for magazines like Himmat, Keynote and Gentleman. In 1985, while still in his mid-twenties, he became one of the founding members of Penguin in India, where he edited or published authors like Kiran Desai, Arundhati Roy, Vikram Seth, Vikram Chandra, Rohinton Mistry, Salman Rushdie, Upamanyu Chatterjee, Khushwant Singh, R.K. Narayan, Shobhaa De, Romila Thapar, Shashi Tharoor, Suketu Mehta, William Dalrymple, Mohsin Hamid and Ramachandra Guha. In 2004 he was transferred to Penguin Books in Canada, where the authors he publishes include Philip Roth, Khaled Hosseini, John le Carré, Alice Munro (in paperback), Stuart McLean, Margaret Macmillan, Joseph Boyden, Zadie Smith, Kim Echlin, Hisham Matar, Adrienne Clarkson, Michael Ignatieff and John Ralston Saul.
Davidar is the author of the novel The House of Blue Mangoes , which was published in 2002. It was translated into 16 languages and was a New York Times Notable Book and a Book Sense Pick. His second novel, The Solitude of Emperors, was published in 2007 and was a finalist for the Commonwealth Writers' Prize. His wife, Rachna, a bookseller, has worked for a number of booksellers in India and Canada, including The Bookshop in New Delhi (which her family owns), Nicholas Hoare, Ben McNally Books and McNally Robinson in Toronto.